WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Periodicity | Mineralogical hardness | periodicity

	Mineralogical hardness Hardness ranges on scale from 1 to 10 and depends upno the ability of a material to scratch another. Units Moh scale Notes The scale is roughly logarithmic, that is, a material with a hardness of 8 is roughly 10 times as hard as another material whose hardness is 7, which in turn is 10 times as hard as a material whose hardness is 6, and so on. The minerals chosen by Moh for this scale are: 10: diamond 9: corundum 8: topaz 7: quartz 6: orthoclase 5: apatite 4: fluorite 3: calcite 2: gypsum 1: talc Literature sources G.V. Samsonov (Ed.) in Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements, IFI-Plenum, New York, USA, 1968. WebElements Shop WebElements now has an online shop at which you can buy periodic table posters, mugs, T-shirts, games, molecular models, and more.
Periodicity Cityscape Cylinders Line graph Bar chart Group 1 Group 2 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 8 Group 9 Group 10 Group 11 Group 12 Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4sp Period 4 Period 4d Period 5sp Period 5spd Period 5d Period 6sp Period 6spd Period 6 Period 6d s- and p-Block d-Block f-Block		Search WebElements Search Chemistry Web Custom Search Essential data Essential data: name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, group number, and group name in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation History: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the element Find a property The elements round us Uses Geology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streams Biology: abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards Compounds Compounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentials Electronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred-Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and Allen Bond enthalpies of diatomic species Lattice energies: oxides and halides Element properties Physics properties: boiling point; melting point; density; and molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; and velocity of sound Images Allotropes Reactions of : reactions with air; water; halogens; acids; and bases Crystal structure Thermochemistry: enthalpies of atomisation, fusion, and vaporisation, thermodynamic properties Atom properties Electronic properties: electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionisation energies; and atomic spectra Atom sizes: atomic radii; Shannon and Pauling Ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radius Electron shell properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maxima Nuclear properties Isotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic moments NMR properties: frequencies; NMR isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivities Books Chemistry Books (CA) Chemiebücher (DE) Livres de chimie (FR) Medical Bookshop (UK) Medical Bookstore (USA) Physics Bookshop (UK) Biology Bookshop (UK) Law, Business, and Finance Bookshop (UK) Scientific book store (USA) Scientific book store (UK)